The targum modules already found on this site are in aramaic and it takes a real. The targums of onkelos and jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch. Targums of onkelos and jonathan uzziel genesis and exodus 1862 pdf. It consists of 450 folios covering all books of the torah, with only a few damaged verses more than a mere aramaic translation of the hebrew text, neofiti offers lengthy expansions on the biblical text at several places. Pdf the interpretation of the hebrew bible in the targums. The talmud states that a person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once shnayim mikra veechad targum. The date, provenance, and sitz im leben of targum lamentations, in the journal of the aramaic bible 1, 1999, 529. Eldon clem, targum onkelos and jonathan english, version 2. After the babylonian exile, use of hebrew started to decline amongst jews, and aramaic became more widespread. The targums are a vastly underutilised resource that bible believers can really benefit from studying. Other articles where targum pseudojonathan is discussed. It was translated and published from 19681979 and has since then been considered the most.
This translation that we have even today is targum onkelos. Nov 22, 2014 this introductory video explains what the aramaic targums are, and what they offer. Keywords rashi, targum onkelos, exegetical principles 1 the question of the. Title a targum is a translation, but the term is usually used specifically to designate aramaic translations of the bible. After the return from exile aramaic gradually won the ascendancy as the colloquial language over the slowly decaying hebrew until, from probably the last century before the christian era, hebrew was hardly more than the language of the schools and of worship. The targum modules already found on this site are in aramaic and it takes a real professional to. Onkelos now decided to translate the torah into aramaic once more, according to the explanations handed down from generation to generation, through ezra the scribe and back to moses. The targum of onkelos to genesis download ebook pdf, epub.
It is an undecided question where they originated and whether they ever belonged to the same. For praise, concerning the sweetness of the sound by a son. The language of these targums is a variety of standard literary aramaic characterized by a large number of dialect. The targum of jonathan ben uzziel on the pentateuch. Manual of the aramaic language of the palestinian talmud. The aramaic targum to the song of songs a translation of the targum to shir hashirim by jay c. Etheridge, ma 1862, 1865 the original title of the book is as stated above but whether it refers to jonathan or pseudojonathan is subject to debate for example, please see b. The relevance of the targums aramaic translations of the hebrew bible for the understanding of the new testament has been a matter of dispute over the past three hundred years, principally by reason of the late date of the targum manuscripts and the nature of the aramaic.
Reviews of the rabbinic targum of lamentations by grossfeld, wesselius, borobio, ego, and van puersen. Targums of onkelos and jonathan uzziel genesis and exodus 1862 in pdf targum onkelos or unkelus, is the official eastern babylonian targum aramaic translation to the torah. Targum simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This introductory video explains what the aramaic targums are, and what they offer. As regards age and linguistic character they may be divided into three classes. The talmud megilah 3a states the targum of the pentateuch was composed by onkelos the proselyte from the mouths of r. Nevertheless, as an interim survey of the targums vocabulary, i have chosen to issue this glossary to targum onkelos according to sperbers edition, which uses british museum ms. The translation is from 1860s so these texts should be public domain now. In contrast to two other targums, jerusalem ii and iii, which are highly fragmentary, pseudojonathan jerusalem i is virtually complete. At the beginning min avella the lord created the heavens and the earth. It is often more expansive than targum onkelos, but less so. The word originally indicated a translation of the old testament in any language but later came to refer specifically to an aramaic translation. At that time targum neofiti was titled incorrectly as a manuscript of targum onkelos, and it remained unremarked until 1949, when professor jose maria millas vallicrosa and alejandro diez macho noticed that it differed significantly from targum onkelos.
The present article concentrates around the texts that are usually and conveniently. According to an ancient jewish tradition, the public reading of the bible in the synagogue must be accompanied by a translation into aramaic, which was the spoken language of most jews in. Read tanakh, targum, onkelos texts online with commentaries and connections. In fact, most of the words used by onkelos do not align with any particular dialect, and, of those that remain, many are found in other targums due to the influence of onkelos itself. Targum pseudojonathan and targum onkelos at the newsletter for targumic and cognate studies english translations by j. The following files are in pdf and in the english language. Targum onqelos is the official eastern translation of the torah in aramaic. Targum hebrew from the verbal root ragam to arrange, explain, interpret interpretation.
He, however, lived in the beginning of the 2nd century. The babylonian talmud contains observations on particular words and passages, and in the medieval period luminaries such as maimonides and. The form of language used in the targums is called specifically targum dialect. The targums of onkelos and jonathan ben uzziel on the. Aramaic targum synonyms, aramaic targum pronunciation, aramaic targum translation, english dictionary definition of aramaic targum. His greek version must have already gained a reputation before the aramaic targum appeared. It was translated and published during 196879, and has since been considered the most important of the palestinian targumim, as it is by far the most complete and. There is an ancient tradition in orthodox judaism where the hebrew torah portion is read twice weekly and once from the aramaic targum. The talmud explicitly states that no official targumim were composed besides these two on torah and neviim alone, and that there is no official targum to ketuvim the writings.
Here are english translations of targum onkelos, targum jonathan plus a few other rabbinic texts. Since the pentateuch in its entirety was read consecutively in the successive weekly synagogue services, the targums of the pentateuch were particularly important. But we have seen that it has been named aquila and that the title means as accurate as aquila. This passage is taken by many to refer to targum onkelos.
And, behold, there came up from the river seven oxen, pleasing in appearance, and fatfleshed. As a genre, targum the translation of the biblical text into aramaic dates. Pentateuch targum pseudojonathan and onkelos, an 1892 translation by j. Any of several aramaic explanatory translations or paraphrasings of the hebrew scriptures.
English translation of targum onkelos posted in module requests. Origens hexapla, a work of the 3rd century ad which placed his own greek translation of the the hebrew, the latin, and various other extant greek translations of the bible all sidebyside in columns, shows many variant readings in the greek versions of genesis 4. It belongs to western aramaic and more particularly to the aramaic of palestine. The aramaic targums are not a single translation of the hebrew bible, but rather were individual translations of books or groups of books, that arose over time, according to need. For the targum of samuel he used four yemenite 6 and three western. The best known of these is the socalled targum of onkelos, which was one of the earliest targums to be written down.
Stenning from the encyclopedia britannica, 11th ed. The vocabulary of targum onkelos, the oldest extant jewish aramaic translation of the pentateuch, has been an object of study for centuries. The best known, most literal, and possibly the earliest targum is the targum of onkelos on the pentateuch, which appeared in its final revision in the 3rd century ad. Syrian aramaic, found in the peshitta and in christian syriac literature. The aramaic targum to psalms a translation of the targum to psalms by edward m. Targum obadiah a new translation by thomas lenihan, 2015.
It is a composite of the old palestinian targum and an early version of onkelos with an admixture of material from diverse periods. It is the standard for jewish babylonian aramaic grammars, comparable in calibre to the leading latin and greek ones. Its authorship is attributed to onkelos, a famous convert to judaism in tannaic times c. Pdf targum onkelos in rashis exegetical consciousness eran. Other targums include the targum of pseudojonathan, the samaritan targum, and the targum of jonathan ben uzziel. One of the bestknown targums extant is the targum onkelos see onkelos onkelos, 2d cent. The targum of onkelos to genesis download ebook pdf. Info is a polyglot online bible that contains the hebrew bible and its ancient versions in parallel masoretic text, samaritan pentateuch, aramaic targums, syriac peshitta, greek septuagint, old latin, and latin vulgate, and also the greek versions of aquila of sinope, theodotion, and symmachus. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. He is considered to be the author of the famous targum onkelos c. Targum onqelos vayehi mikets sipra dberita genesis 41. Targum is the distinctive designation of the aramaic translations or paraphrases of the old testament. The following short addendum is being added by william finck on april 25th, 2016.
Anyone interested in turning them into an esword module. An electronic edition of targum samuel by eveline van staalduinesulman protestant theological university, kampen. I am in the process of asking permission from publishers to make them all available at this site. However, its early origins may have been western, in israel. Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Onkelos and the palestinian targumim derive from an old palestinian tar. This particular targum is read in synagogues after the reading of the hebrew text. Despite all this, interest in the traditional aramaic targums has not merely continued. We are referring to the great onkelos, who translated the torah into aramaic, a translation which is also an interpretation known as targum onkelos. Click download or read online button to get the targum of onkelos to genesis book now.
Unfortunately, it was then mistitled as a manuscript of targum onkelos until 1949, when alejandro diez macho noticed that it differed significantly from targum onkelos. English translation of targum onkelos module requests. Targum onkelos is the official eastern babylonian targum aramaic translation to the torah. Aramaic versions article by eberhard nestle from the new schaffherzog encyclopedia of religious knowledge 1912.
The oral aramaic paraphrases were, in the course of time, put down in writing under the name targum. Onqelos targum pdf targum onqelos is the official eastern translation of the torah in aramaic. Targum pseudojonathan biblical literature britannica. Read the text of onkelos genesis online with commentaries and connections. An electronic edition of targum samuel by eveline van staalduinesulman. Targum onkelos or unkelus is the official eastern babylonian targum aramaic translation to the torah. Aramaic targum definition of aramaic targum by the free.
Targum jonathan otherwise referred to as targum yonasanyonatan is the official eastern babylonian targum to the neviim. Translation, or interpretation, any of several translations of the hebrew bible or portions of it into the aramaic language. Aramaic targum article about aramaic targum by the free. Beside the standard text of targum jonathan, numerous fragments of aramaic translations of these biblical books are contained in rabbinic literature goshengottstein. Targums onkelos and jonathan are written in a standard literary aramaic that would have been widely understood throughout the middle east, while the palestinian targum was written in the jewish vernacular of the holy land. The babylonian targums, targum onkelos to the pentateuch and targum. I will sing praise in the lord s presence with all my heart.
112 1139 157 404 1495 718 637 46 1369 713 1039 681 1494 1147 1371 957 1354 1448 214 487 333 606 1340 198 1414 36 1336 257 329 1279 1456 797 1338 1451 1277 799 56 624 543 1216 1350 136 54 810 1210